Betancur-R., R. , A. Hines, A. Acero P. et al., Reconstructing the Lionfish Invasion: Insights into Greater Caribbean Biogeography, Journal of Biogeography, 38: 1281-1293, 2011. (BAMZ #2689)
Smith-Vaniz, W. F. & B. B. Collette, Fishes of Bermuda, aqua. International Journal of Ichthyology, 19(4): 165-186, 2013. (BAMZ #2690/BBP #212).